CD4 and neoplasm: The resultant competing immunosuppressive program reduces CD8+ T cell/Treg and CD4+ Th1 cell/Treg ratios, elevates TGFβ signaling, and enhances tumor cell EMT (Dodagatta-Marri et al. 2019), all features that have been associated with poor survival following ICB therapy in the clinic (Baras et al. 2016, Hugo et al. 2016, Mariathasan et al. 2018, Huang et al. 2019).