Several drug companies are trialing TGFβ blockade in combination with anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapies and other ICB therapies for advanced cancers, and there are recent extensive reviews on this topic (Dahmani & Delisle 2018, Batlle & Massague 2019, Groeneveldt et al. 2020, Derynck et al. 2021). The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is cancer.