TGFB1 and cancer: TGFβ (see the sidebar titled TGFβ Activities in Health and Disease) is produced by an array of tumor cell types, particularly myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs), cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), and activated T cells, as well as malignant cells per se (Derynck et al. 2021).