Bintrafusp alfa mediates tumor regression and long-term antitumor immunity in rodent experiments (Knudson et al. 2018, Lan et al. 2018), and in phase I and II clinical trials it showed enhanced efficacy compared to anti-PD-L1 monotherapy, particularly in human papilloma–positive tumors (Strauss et al. 2018, Strauss et al. 2020). This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.