Artesunate was reported by earlier literatures [[48], [49], [50]] that could increase proportion of CD8+ T cells in vivo, it was also shown in Fig. 6C. In addition, there was no infiltration of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the area with high HIF-1α expression (the area marked by the yellow circle), verifying that hypoxia is associated with immunosuppression in the tumor (Fig. 6D). Here, CD4 is linked to neoplasm.