NPPB and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Hoogenboom et al. clarified that patients from the therapeutic dosing arm had a higher rate of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD); high D-dimer, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels; low lymphocyte count, and partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2).