CSF1R and neoplasm: Indeed, blockade of M-CSF/CSF1R leads to macrophage reprogramming [14, 15] and loss of TAM in the tumor [16], while blockade of macrophage PI3Kγ in an animal model of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma reprograms TAM for immunostimulation and inhibition of tumor metastasis [17, 18].