In addition, administration of GLP-1RAs in experimental stroke was found to activate several intracellular signaling pathways involved in neuroprotection, including cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)/PKA/cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB); phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase (PI3K)/Akt; mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK); Wnt/β-catenin; and Nrf2/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) [60, 62–64]. This evidence concerns the gene HMOX1 and stroke disorder.