A heatmap of 67 genes that were previously found to be associated with the different cell types that co-exist within the developing kidney13,32–34 (Fig. 2B), as well as barplots for selected genes associated with renal-mesenchymal and epithelial cell states (Fig. 2C), showed a sequential decrease in mesenchymal-associated genes and an increase in epithelial-associated genes in the fetal kidney samples (hFK1, hFK2, and hFK3), whereas all three Wilms’ tumor xenografts (WT11, WT14, and WT37) were observed to have a relatively high expression of mesenchymal associated genes. Here, FOXG1 is linked to Wilms tumor.