For instance, the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT), phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt/β-catenin, NF-κB, and Ras signaling pathways are classical oncogenic pathways in HCC that promote HCC progression55–61. The gene discussed is MTOR; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.