CXCL8 and peripheral neuropathy: Data from adult populations suggest that PPI use is significantly associated with a wide range of neurological outcomes, including migraines, peripheral neuropathies, and visual and auditory neurosensory abnormalities.26 Multiple mechanisms suggested include PPI associations with immune cell activation, migration, and function; epithelial cell signaling by inhibiting interleukin 8 transcription; and reduction of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase activity.52 These mechanisms suggest biological plausibility for a link between acid suppressants and preterm infant neurodevelopment.