Next, we measured the concentrations of serum innate immune molecules, including early antiviral type I IFNs (IFN-α) and type II IFN (IFN-γ), and those inflammatory mediators associated with severe arthritis in humans such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), IL-10, C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 (CXCL10), IL-1β, and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF). Here, TNF is linked to Arthritis.