Surprisingly, we found that ARG1 activity is mostly derived from neutrophils in human NSCLC, that a sizeable neutrophil subset actively transcribes ARG1 while located in the TME, and that ARG1 transcripts are produced via a potentially novel annexin A2–mediated (ANXA2-mediated) pathway. This evidence concerns the gene ANXA2 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.