CASP3 and cancer: While, treatment of Caco2 with optimized FLV-PL-ALA MEL reduced the expression of antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 and thus, confirmed the apoptotic and anti-cancer activity when compared with control and other treatments as shown in Fig. 8B. The optimized FLV-PL-ALA MEL showed 4.457 ± 0.09, 0.281 ± 0.01, 5.59 ± 0.18 and 7.32 ± 0.19 fold change (normalized to β-actin) of BAX, BCL2, Caspase 3 and P53, respectively.