Recent studies have revealed that PD-L1 in tumor cells undergoes various post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, palmitoylation, glycosylation, and ubiquitination, which regulate PD-L1 quality control, protein stability, and nuclear translocation, ultimately affecting the immune escape of tumor cells9,10,18,26–29. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.