Both were significantly lower in cirrhotic patients with HCC in comparison to those without (0.9(0–2) vs. 1.5(0–4), p = 0.02) for STAT5, and (1.5(0–6) vs. 4(3–6), p = 0.048 for IGF-1, and healthy controls (0.9(0–2) vs. 4(2–5.5), p<0.001), and 1.5(0–6) vs. 6(4.5–9), p<0.001), respectively (c.f., Table 2). The gene discussed is STAT5A; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.