Before PSM, the MAFLD group had a higher HbA1c level; higher BMI; larger waist circumference; higher BFP; higher basal metabolic rate; higher serum creatinine, total cholesterol, LDL-C, remnant cholesterol, CRP, ALT, AST, ALP, GGT levels; higher FIB-4 scores and NFS; lower eGFR; lower HDL-C level; and higher prevalence rates of CKD, DM, prediabetes, smoking, overweight/obesity, albuminuria, hyperuricemia, and hypertriglyceridemia than the non-MAFLD group. Here, GPT is linked to diabetes mellitus.