Growing evidence implicates a pivotal role for the SDF-1/CXCR4 axis in myocardial repair, especially in myoangiogenesis, characterized by recruitment and engraftment of bone marrow-derived mononuclear cells after acute myocardial infarction [45], in cardiomyopathy [46], and negatively predicting mortality in viral myocarditis [47]. This evidence concerns the gene CXCL12 and viral myocarditis.