Only 30 studies diagnosed AKI using urine output criteria, and the diagnostic accuracy was numerically highest for KIM-1 (DOR 14.6, 95% CI 5.9–35.9), followed by IL-18 (DOR 13.1, 95% CI 6.7–25.7), and TIMP-2 × IGFBP-7: 2 (DOR 12.0, 95% CI 5.2–27.8). Here, TIMP2 is linked to acute kidney injury.