Challenges were identified under the following three themes: (1) selection of pharmacodiagnostics (e.g., PDL1, tumor mutation burden tests, genomic testing) based on knowledge of actionable biomarkers and therapies, (2) integration of new immuno-oncology agents considering their efficacy and safety for specific patient profiles (e.g., tumor type, comorbidities), and (3) communication with patients about treatment preferences. Here, CD274 is linked to neoplasm.