INS and uremia: Previous studies proposed that patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) were susceptible to hypoglycemia due to reduced insulin clearance in the kidney; declined renal and hepatic glucose production; decreased gluconeogenesis during uremia; increased glucose uptake of red blood cell during hemodialysis; impaired counterregulatory hormone responses such as cortisol, and growth hormone; and nutritional deprivation [33–36].