According to the multivariate analysis, a low serum PSA level (OR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.55–0.90, p = 0.005), high serum DHEA concentrations (OR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.06–1.12, p = 0.038), and high prostate volume (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.00–1.08, p = 0.038) were significant predictors of BPH or prostate cancer with a Gleason score of ≤ 3 + 4 (≤ GG 2) (Table 4). Here, KLK3 is linked to prostate carcinoma.