Having BPH or prostate cancer with a Gleason score of ≤ 3 + 4 (≤ GG 2) was significantly correlated more with a younger age, lower serum PSA concentration, higher serum DHEA concentration, and larger prostate volume, compared to having a Gleason ≥ 4 + 3 cancer (≥ GG 3) (Table 1). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.