Studies have shown that the expression of TLR4 in the gut epithelium is increased in intestinal inflammation in human and mouse models, and overexpression of TLR4 leads to a signaling cascade that initiates nuclear translocation of NF-kB and promotes overtranscription of proinflammatory cytokines, inducing the incidence of NEC [20]. Here, TLR4 is linked to necrotizing enterocolitis.