I (ePOCT): Children with cough and tachypnoea or chest indrawing unresponsive to bronchodilator therapy and a CRP>80mg/L, and all children with SpO2 < 90%, received oral amoxicillin 80-100mg/kg/d. Those without both of the above criteria (clinical signs of pneumonia and CRP>80) did not receive amoxicillin C (ALMANACH): Children were treated with antibiotics as per existing IMCI guidelines (using existing ALMANACH decision-making tool). This evidence concerns the gene CRP and pneumonia.