In response to various infections, neutrophil release from bone marrow reserve is rapidly increased and this process is mediated by the coordinated actions of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), CXC chemokines KC (CXCL1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)−2 (CXCL2)8,9. Here, CXCL1 is linked to infection.