Neuroprotective effects of these drugs may also include inhibition of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress triggered by inositol-requiring enzyme/endonuclease 1α (IRE1α), downregulation of tumour necrosis factor receptor associated factor 2 (TRAF2) and activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)- β/δ, as shown in a rotenone PD mouse model [105]. This evidence concerns the gene ERN1 and Parkinson disease.