These effects can be explained, at least in part, by the induction of chemokine and cytokine production, including MIP-1α, MIP-1β, RANTES, and IFN-γ released by HTLV-2-infected CD8+ T lymphocytes that can modulate HIV-1 infection and replication in CD4+ T lymphocytes [24,32,33,34,35,36,37,38]. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and HIV-1 infection.