NPM1 and viral infectious disease: NPM1 promotes infection by a variety of viruses, including the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) [251], Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) [252], adenovirus [253], herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) [254], Epstein–Barr Virus (EBV) [255], and Schmallenberg virus (SBV) [256], function at all stages of viral infection.