TNF and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Chronic inflammation as a major risk of obesity is characterized by high circulating levels of pro-inflammatory markers such as C-reactive protein (CRP), interferon (IFN), transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and its soluble receptors and serum amyloid A, and interleukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, IL-13 [6].