Our in vivo study demonstrated that the number and surface of OCs in bone and the serum level of the bone resorption marker CTX-1 were significantly reduced when arctiin was orally administered compared to the vehicle (PBS)-treated group in AD-fed mice, whereas in vivo bone formation markers (serum ALP and osteocalcin) exhibited no significant changes, suggesting that arctiin decreases cholesterol-induced bone loss in mice mainly by affecting OC activity. The gene discussed is BGLAP; the disease is Alzheimer disease.