PINK1 and hepatocellular carcinoma: For instance, using hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cells, Wang et al. in 2022 determined that proliferative ability was decreased by ferulic acid by elevating the levels of the apoptosis and autophagy biomarkers, including beclin-1, Light chain (LC3-I/LC3-II), PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK-1), and Parkin [33].