TNF and Headache: PAs are known for their anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities during arthritis, headache, rheumatoid arthritis, neuropathic pain, backache, etc. ShA at 100 and 200 mg/kg exhibited analgesic action in dopamine, inducing mechanical hyperalgesia in mice via decreasing tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), nitrite production, and interleukin (IL)-1β [64,65,66,67,68,69,70,71].