In models of CKD, empagliflozin ameliorated IL-1β-induced inflammation in normoglycemic human proximal tubular cells, indicating a glucose-independent anti-inflammatory action of SGLT2 inhibitors through targeting CXCL8/IL8, LOX, NOV, PTX3, and SGK1 genes [132]. Here, CXCL8 is linked to chronic kidney disease.