CDKN1A and breast carcinoma: Separate research found that at concentrations of 5 and 10 μM, eugenol inhibited the growth of HER2-positive (SK-BR-3) and triple-negative (MDA-MB-231) breast cancer cells by lowering Nucleoporin 62, and elevating AKT serine/threonine kinase 1 (AKT), forkhead box O3 (FOXO3a), cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor (p27), Caspase-3 and -9, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A (p21), and apoptosis, and inhibiting PI3K/AKT/FOXO3a pathway [44].