In line with this objective, the application of whole exome sequencing of exosomal double-stranded DNA from NB patients for the detection of somatic mutations was explored and “exo-DNA” was shown to display tumour-specific genetic alterations including but not limited to ALK, PHOX2B, TERT, PTPN11, SHANK2, KRAS, and FGFR1 [24] (Figure 1A). This evidence concerns the gene ALK and neuroblastoma.