Increased IL-1β production without the concomitant and spatially coincident increased expression of NLRP3 has been shown in active ulcerous colitis, suggesting that during normal gut homeostasis, the production of IL-1β is mediated by inflammasome-dependent caspase-1, while during active ulcerous colitis, the cleavage of IL-1β is mediated by serine proteases from neutrophils [74]. The gene discussed is NLRP3; the disease is ulcerative colitis.