RB1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: In addition, the wide application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies has revealed more abnormal molecules and improved the understanding of ALL biology; the pathway most commonly altered in ALL is the transcriptional regulation of lymphoid development (PAX5, IKZF1, and EBF1) [10], and additional mutated pathways include tumor suppression and cell-cycle regulation (TP53, RB1, PTEN, and CDKN2A), RAS signaling (NRAS, KRAS, and PTPN11) [11], and epigenetic modification (CREBBP, EP300, SETD2, and NSD2) [12].