PPARGC1A and obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency: Recently, using both in vivo and in vitro models, empagliflozine was indicated as a promising anti-obesity treatment being capable of inducing white adipocyte browning together with enhanced mitochondrial biogenesis and fusion and improved mitochondrial function, effects mediated through the AMPK signaling pathway and via PGC-1α [93].