INS and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the spine: In addition to the above processes that affect the formation of OPLL, there are other mechanisms that correlate with the development of this pathology: miRNA regulatory networks [40], chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 7 (CXCL7) [41], insulin pathways [42], etc. The lack of sufficient evidence of research in this area stimulates the continued search for effective therapeutic strategies for patients with OPLL.