Combination trials of BTZ with the standard therapy consisting of cytarabine, daunorubicin and etoposide in newly diagnosed pediatric AML patients showed the greatest beneficial effect in a patientsubgroup with reduced phosphorylation of heat shock factor 1 at serine326 (low HSF1-pSer326) as well as low expression of RelA-pSer536. The gene discussed is RELA; the disease is acute myeloid leukemia.