PTK2 and carcinoma: As the FAK pathway is interacted with the ERK pathway [25] and the FAK/ERK pathway regulates the expression of MMPs in carcinoma cells of various origins [168,169], Kolli-Bouhafs and colleagues suggested that thymoquinone exhibits antimigratory and anti-invasive ability via modulation of the FAK/ERK pathway in glioblastoma cells [92].