Figure 3 shows that the extract induced a significant increase in the production of two cytokines that play an important role in the development of RA and OA, i.e., IL-17 and TNF-α, and was unable to induce the production of IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene IL4 and rheumatoid arthritis.