TNF and pulmonary fibrosis: Bleomycin stimulation consistently increased their levels (IL-1β from 0.5 ± 0.2 to 1.2 ± 0.5 pg/mL; IL-6 from 1.4 ± 0.3 to 6.3 ± 3.2 pg/mL; IL-17A from 0.6 ± 0.1 to 1.3 ± 0.2 pg/mL and TNF-α from 1.7 ± 0.3 to 2.7 ± 0.2 pg/mL), confirming a pivotal role of these pro-inflammatory cytokines in the development of pulmonary fibrosis as published by She and colleagues [19].