PDCD1 and neoplasm: In current clinical practice, the CPS score, which is defined as the number of PD-L1-positive cells, including tumor and immune cells, divided by the total number of tumor cells × 100, has been an approved biomarker for predicting the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PDL-1 antibodies (the so-called immune-checkpoint inhibitor (ICI)) in various types of cancer [35,36].