After the depletion of Arg1+ microglia/macrophages, we found a significant decrease in anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 for 0.92-fold (from 2.66 ± 0.48 in the stroke-MLs group to 0.20 ± 0.04 in the stroke-MCLs group), but no significant change in TGF-β (from 4.20 ± 0.21 in the stroke-MLs group to 3.92 ± 0.41 in the stroke-MCLs group) on Day 4 after stroke (Figure 4A).In contrast, the classic pro-inflammatory factors induced by ischemic stroke exhibited more upregulation after MCLs treatment. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and ischemic stroke.