TNF and attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Oades et al. [71] investigated serum levels IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, IL-13, IL-16, and TNF-α in 21 children (mean age: 8.9 ± 1.4 years) with ADHD who are treatment-naïve compared to the same number of controls (mean age: 12.6 ± 2.1 years).