TNF and neurodegenerative disease: A chronic or prolonged reactivity of these cells, instead, may activate inflammatory responses that contribute to the death and dysfunction of neurons, which appears to occur in neurodegenerative diseases, via the release of various pro-inflammatory and neurotoxic factors, such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, chemokines, proteases and various free radicals [42,43].