Treatment of NSCLC A549 cells with cisplatin and the non-selective β-blocker, propranolol, that competitively antagonizes β-ARs, was found to have antitumor activity, decreased cell survival, increased apoptosis, and enhanced sensitivity of A549 cells to cisplatin in vitro, thus, suggesting that propranolol acts as a therapeutic sensitizer [32]. This evidence concerns the gene CTBP1 and non-small cell lung carcinoma.