VCAM1 and meningitis: These are knowingly associated with neuroinflammation, compromising BBB integrity and favoring leukocyte transmigration, such as seen in meningitis and in autoimmune encephalomyelitis [20,21,22]; in endothelial progenitor cells in vitro, NF-kB activation is known to induce expression of both VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 [45].