TNF and neoplasm: Cabal-Hierro et al. [275] showed that monotherapy with a topoisomerase inhibitor SN38 (an active metabolite of irinotecan), or combined with TNF, induces cytotoxic effects through activation of TNF/TNFR signaling and RIPK1-dependent necroptosis in colon cancer cells and inhibits tumor growth progression in colon tumors of xenografted female SCID mice.