In female children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV infection, lower subscapular skinfold values and higher calf skinfold values were associated with body image dissatisfaction, while in male children and adolescents diagnosed with HIV infection, pre-pubertal maturation stage, higher economic level, lower amounts of CD4 lymphocytes, lower viral load values, lower level of physical activity and longer time in front of the computer and/or video games on weekdays and weekends were associated with body image dissatisfaction. Here, CD4 is linked to HIV infectious disease.