TNF and mucositis: During the treatment of peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis there were minimal effects of non-surgical treatment alone on the investigated inflammatory biomarkers (IL-4, IL-10, and IL-12, TNF-a, RANKL, OPG IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, MCP-1/CCL2, MIP-1α/CCL3, IFN-γ, MMP-8, sRANKL, OPG and G-CSF) [16,21].