Due to stimulation of cholangiocytes′ proliferation by GLP-1, GLP-1 analogues and DPP-4 inhibitors used in the management of T2DM increase the risk of gallbladder and bile duct diseases such as cholangitis, cholecystitis, choledocholithiasis, and gallbladder cancer [39]. The gene discussed is DPP4; the disease is bile duct disorder.